Recent advances in psychometrics and mathematics education afford new opportunities for interdisciplinary work that can contribute significantly to both fields. Furthermore, a growing number of projects, many funded by the National Science Foundation, have begun to combine research in mathematics education with various psychometric models. The purpose of the proposed conference is to provide a much needed opportunity for mathematics education researchers, mathematicians, and psychometricians to (a) discuss current opportunities and challenges for conducting research at the intersection of mathematics education and psychometrics, (b) identify how such research might be strengthened in the future, (c) further develop bridges among the constituent disciplines, and (d) build capacity for meeting the challenges of measuring mathematical knowledge.